The Impact of Personality on Leader

Research Topic The effects of personality on leader-member relationships in the organization.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Impact of Personality on Leader-Member Relationships specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Introduction A good relationship between junior members of the organization and the managerial team is very important as regards to the success of the company. Leader-member theory has always been utilized to understand the relationships that exist between an individual employee and the team leader. The theory suggests that leaders differ in terms of personality. This would mean that leaders differ in the way they associate with subordinates. Through Leader-Member theory, it is established that certain forms of relationships exist between supervisors and subordinates within the organization (Martin, Epitropaki, McNamara, 2005). Further research suggests that the quality of relationships differ great ly. It is therefore true that the quality of relationships is determined by the personality of the leader. Some leaders would seem to consult with their subordinates before making decisions while others are known to exercise a tyrannical type of rule, which is characterized by dictatorship (Manzoni, Barsoux, 2002). The type of relationships formed within the organization would depend on the personality of the leader. Leaders who develop quality relationships with their subordinates have high chances of excelling while those who are unable to adjust their personalities end up performing dismally. This research aims at examining the quality of relationships in an organization. The article would also examine the role of personality in forming relationships in the organization. Leaders who are able to form strong relationships with their subordinates tend to benefit from improved communication, emotional support and enhanced role playing among employees. In order to evaluate the role o f personality, this article will employ quantitative research methods to study the behavior of employees, as well as leaders. Research Objectives and Research Questions Research Questions Does personality change over time? What could be done to reduce the damage caused by attitudinal aspects within the organization? Objectives of the Study The research aims at finding out why some leaders have weak personalities, which affect relationships within the organization, while others have strong personalities that allow them to enter into new situations easily. To establish the effects of attitudes on the performance of the organization. Some leaders have negative attitudes towards some employees due to reasons such as gender differences, racial differences and academic differences. These are some of the reasons that would affect the relationships in the organization To find out whether personality is a variable that can be adjusted through education and training. Description of Overal l Approach Validity of content in a research work may be achieved by following a clearly delineated research approach, which provides a rational and a systematic data collection framework. There are two research approaches, which are commonly employed. They include inductive and deductive approaches. This research will use a deductive research approach because of its applicability in collecting large volumes of data, as is required for this research. In addition, compared to the inductive approach, deductive approach would facilitate the gathering of data.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Additionally, this research would be structured to move from the general to the more specific. Therefore, discussion would first address personality as a concept and then the implications of personality on leader-member relationship, before narrowing the focus to the effects of personality on leader-member relationship in an organization. The deductive research approach is appropriate and authentic (reliable for data analysis), as it reduces vagueness and bias in the research findings and conclusions. Three Academic Sources Critical Literature Review The works of Wayne, Shore and Liden, (1997) would be of great help in understanding the dynamics of personality. The three scholars observed that quality relationships would be formed in the organization when leaders involve their subordinates in decision making processes. For instance, the leader who involves his or her juniors in formulating policies, such as duty rosters, would most probably succeed in leading the organization to achieve its goals and objectives. In other words, the establishment of quality relationships would help the leader to deal with employees easily. However, the article does not explain the extent at which personality influences the relationships in the organization. It is established by Wang, L aw, Hackett and Chen (2005) that personality only influences the behavior of the leader to some extent. In fact, the article by Wang, Law, Hackett and Chen is a peer reviewed article that utilized quantitative methods to arrive at its conclusions. The scholars posited that personality is an important mediator that can best explain the relationships at the place of work. An article by Schriesheim, Castro and Cogliser (1999) would be utilized to comprehend the effects of personality on leader-member relationships. The three scholars had similar views as those of Liden, Sparrowe and Wayne, though they based their argument on leader-member theory. They further conducted an extensive study to involve the measure of variables. Methodology This section focuses on various aspects of research development. It includes methods of data collection, analysis, and presentation. Every research project applies a certain research method to achieve its objectives, depending on its goals. In research, design deals primarily with aims, uses, purposes, intentions, and plans within the practical constraints of time, location, money, and availability of staff. In this study, respondents would be briefed in advance (Delving, 2006). Research Model This research would utilize quantitative research methods in conducting the study and collecting data. Quantitative research would be used because it aims at summarizing data mathematically. In this regard, the research would take the form of a survey whereby the researcher would identify some individuals in various companies and would then post questionnaires to them. The sampled population would be selected randomly in order to eliminate biases (Earl, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Impact of Personality on Leader-Member Relationships specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Questionnaire Design There would be two methods used to gather information in this report. T he first one would be the questionnaire method, which would be administered online to the staff of various selected companies. The questionnaire would seek to capture the attitudes of staff members at various selected companies regarding their perceptions to existing relationships (Calabrese, 2006). The second source of information that would be used would be literature on various aspects personality. The focus of the literature review would be on information pertaining to the effects of personality on leader-Member relationship. The literature would also aim at determining the current state of research as regards to the effects of personality on leader-employee relationships. The questionnaire would have four Parts. The first part would seek to capture the bio-data information of respondents. The second part would deal with the demography and gender of the respondents. This would be to ascertain the prevalence of views in various categories in order to ensure that if any difference s come about, then they would be captured in their demographic space. The third part would deal with the academic credentials and the work experience of respondents (Bouma, 2000). The motivation for this section came from the understanding that different sections of population respond differently to attitudes, based on age and academic levels. The fourth part would delve into the specific issues relating to personality, starting from the understanding of the concept to the possible effects it would have on leader-member relationships. References Bouma, G. (2000). The research process (4th ed). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Calabrese, R. (2006). The elements of an effective dissertation and thesis: a step by step guide to getting it right the first time. Lanham: Rowman Littlefield. Delving, A. (2006). Research methods: planning, conducting and presenting research. Belmont: Wadsworth.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Earl, B. (2009). The practice of social research (12th Ed). Belmont: Wadsworth. Manzoni, J., Barsoux, J. (2002). The Set-Up-to-Fail Syndrome. How Good Managers Cause Great People To Fail. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Martin, R., Epitropaki, O., McNamara, R. (2005). The Role of Leader-Member Exchanges in Mediating the Relationship between Locus of Control and Work Reactions. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 78(1), 141-147. Schriesheim, C. A., Castro, S. L., Cogliser, C. C. (1999). Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Research: A Comprehensive Review of Theory, Measurement, and Data-Analytic Practices. Leadership Quarterly, 10(4), 63-113 Wang, H., Law, K. S., Hackett, R. D., Chen, Z. X. (2005). Leader-Member Exchange as a Mediator of the Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Followers’ Performance and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Academy of Management Journal, 48(1), 420-432. Wayne, S. J., Shore, L. M., Liden, R. C. (1997). Pe rceived Organizational Support and Leader-Member Exchange: A Social Exchange Perspective. Academy of Management Journal, 40(2), 82-111. Appendix Number of Articles Author’s Name Year Critical Points on Literature Review Methodology used by the author/s Gaps/Future Studies Peer Reviewed Article 1: Wayne, Shore, Liden. 1997 Formation of relationships in an organization would allow the leader to deliver quality services to customers. It would perhaps ease communication. However, the extent at which relationships influence the performance of leaders is not explained. Quantitative Methods, use of questionnaire Explore the extent at which leader-member relationships would influence the performance of the whole organization. Peer Reviewed Article 2. Wang, Law, Hackett Chen. 2005 The exchange of relationships between a leader and member of junior staff would probably facilitate transformational leadership. However, their analysis more theoretical meaning that it might not be applicable in real life situations. Content analysis Try as much as possible to relate theory with practice Non- Peer Reviewed Article 3. Schriesheim, Castro Cogliser. 1999 Review of leader-member theory. Use of interviews Employ effective data collection and analysis methods. This report on The Impact of Personality on Leader-Member Relationships was written and submitted by user Conner Guy to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

So Long As

Describing Actions Using While, As, As/So Long As While and as are used to describe actions that occur at the same moment that something is in progress. While and as are sometimes confused with the preposition during. Both express the same idea, but the structures are different. While and as are time expressions and take a subject and verb. During is a preposition and is used with a noun or noun phrase. Take a look at the following examples to note the difference. Notice how the meaning remains the same in both structures: During We discussed the situation during lunch. (noun) They are going to visit the Empire State Building during their visit to New York (noun phrase). When / As We discussed the situation while we were eating lunch. (full adverb time clause with subject and verb) They are going to visit the Empire State Building as they visit New York. (full adverb time clause with subject and verb) Future: Use while or as to state something that occurs at the same moment that something else - the main focus of the sentence - important will occur. Time clause: present simple Main clause: future form Examples: Were going to speak about the modifications as you eat lunch.Shell work out the order details while we discuss what to do next. Present: Use while or as to express what always happens when something else important takes place. This use of while and as is not as common as the time expression when. Notice that the preposition during is often used in place of while or as to express the same idea. Time clause: present simple Main clause: present simple Examples: He usually has lunch while he takes a walk around the campus.Angela often takes notes as the meeting progresses. Past: While and as are used in the past to express an action that was occurring at the moment when something important happened. While and as are also used to express two actions that were happening at the same moment in the past. Time clause: past simple OR past continuous Main clause: past simple OR past continuous Examples: Doug was drying the dishes while we were watching TV.Peter took notes as we discussed the merger. During an Entire Period of Time As long as and so long as are similar in use to while and as. However, as / so long as is used for longer period of times, while when and as are used for more specific, shorter periods of time. As / so long as are also used to stress that something will happen, happens or happened over the entire period of time in an emphatic manner. Although examples are provided for ​the past, present and future, as long as and so long as are generally used with future forms. Notice the use of tenses: Future: Use so / as long as that something will not happen for the entire period of time expressed by the time clause with as / so long as. Time clause: present simple Main clause: future form Examples: I will never play golf as long as I live.She will never return so long as she breathes. Present: Use as / so long as to express that something happens or doesnt happen over the entire period of time that another event occurs. Time clause: present simple Main clause: present simple Examples: As long as he plays piano, I go for a walk.She visits with her month, so long as her husband has to take care of business in town. Past: Use as / so long as to describe an action that did or didnt occur over a longer period of time in the past. Time clause: past simple ï » ¿Main clause: past simple OR past continuous Examples: She didnt get any exercise as long as she was working 60 hours a week.Peter didnt enjoy his company so long as he was in the house.

A Persona Of Renaissance Poet Thomas Wyatt

A Persona Of Renaissance Poet Thomas Wyatt Sir Thomas Wyatt, born in 1503 in at Allington Castle, was fated to become one of English literature’s most important Renaissance period poets. Wyatt’s father, Henry Wyatt, was a Lancastrian who followed a similar life as his son in that he was arrested under the reign of Richard III and was released by Henry VII and rewarded with multiple grants and titles. Wyatt’s father was an executor of Henry VII’s will and a Privy councilor in 1509 and continued to server under King Henry VIII and was eventually knighted. During Watt’s childhood, it is said that he was raising a lion cub when one day the cub turned on Wyatt to which Wyatt stabbed his rapier through the lion’s heart. King Henry VII caught wind of this story and commented â€Å"Oh, he will tame lions†. Thomas Wyatt attended St. John’s College in Cambridge which was well known for its humanism. In 1520 Wyatt married the daughter of Lord Cobham, Elizabeth Brooke, and they had a son for whom had the Duke of Norfolk as his standing godfather. These early life experiences, along with those to come in Wyatt’s future, played a key role in the development of the influences on his works as his relationships with others, his, so called, relationships with Anne Boleyn, and his legal difficulties with arrests and imprisonments (Anne Boleyn Files, â€Å"Sir Thomas Wyatt the Elder†). Through Wyatt’s father, his friend Cromwell, and many other famous poets before him Wyatt was influenced and shaped by these relationships. Sir Henry Wyatt, Thomas Wyatt’s father was not a direct influence on the works of his son but was indeed a direct influence on the life of his son which in turn was a key reason for which Wyatt’s life and works went down the path which they did. The most evident of these influences was Henry Wyatt’s influence on his son to pursue a diplomatic career, leading to Thomas Wyatt’s many important position under King Henry VIII much like his father’s. Along with Thomas Wyatt’s similarities to his father in the diplomatic career, the both of them had arrests and imprisonments. These, along with the happenings in the diplomatic environment led to several of Thomas Wyatt’s most famous works as a poet. Cromwell, Wyatt’s most notable friend, performed the apprehension of Thomas Wyatt. Once arrest ed Cromwell helped Wyatt out by talking to the tower guard and making sure that Wyatt was as comfortable as possible during his imprisonment, promising that Wyatt would be out soon. Thomas Wyatt is believed to have mourned the loss of his dear friend in â€Å"The Pillar Perished† which was written following Cromwell’s execution. However, this was not Thomas Wyatt’s only friend. He wrote about several other deaths of close friends such as â€Å"Weston, that pleasant was and young† for whom â€Å"all we should weep that thou [Weston] are dead and gone† (Lean, â€Å"Sir Thomas Wyatt :†). Elizabeth Brooke, Thomas Wyatt’s wife, cause him much grief and pain throughout their marriage and is believed to have been the reason for which Thomas Wyatt translated Petrarch’s sonnets with an angered and frustrated lover as the narrator of the works (Lean, â€Å"Sir Thomas Wyatt :†). Wyatt was not only influenced by friends and family, but also other writers of his time and times before him. Francesco Petrarch, a 14th century esteemed Italian Poet, was translated by Wyatt. These translations were not mere practice performed by Wyatt to improve his skills, but these translations maintained their same style and form under Wyatt’s pen but they also acquired new concepts and ideas which came together to form a uniquely English style of poetry. These translations; however, seemed to have diverted original questions on severely controversial and significant themes like those of political intrigue and courtly betrayal. Even preceding these translations of Petrarch were Wyatt’s translations of Plutarch. Plutarch wrote chronicles based on the lives of Roman and Greek leaders which used extremely engaging details to communicate the deeds of Plutarch’s characters. Wyatt was also an admirer of the works of Chaucer, with whom he had many similarities, but Wyatt wanted the English Literature to be developed into a more respected and elevated form of literature. Lastly is the famous Plato, who which was mentions in Wyatt’s poem â€Å"Farewell Love† as a source of contemplation and solace (Lean, â€Å"Sir Thomas Wyatt :†). Wyatt is acclaimed to have had fallen in love with Anne Boleyn following her arrival to the English courts in 1522. In fact, George Wyatt, who was Thomas Wyatt’s grandson wrote that his grandfather was â€Å"surprised by the sight there of â€Å"(Anne Boleyn Files, â€Å"Sir Thomas Wyatt the Elder†) when Anne Boleyn was first sighted by Wyatt. Three years after Anne Boleyn’s arrival to the courts in 1522 Thomas Wyatt parted from his wife and his unhappy marriage which is believed to have been partly due to his acquaintance with Anne Boleyn. Even though the love match between Anne Boleyn and Wyatt would nearly have been impossible due to the admiration which the King had for Boleyn, she is still indirectly mentioned numerous times in the works of Wyatt. For this reason the love between Boleyn and Wyatt is considered to have been purely ‘one-way’. However, a story in The Chronicle of King Henry VIII depicts Wyatt visiting the home of Anne Boleyn wher e he found her in bed and they had physical relations until interrupted by the sound of the footsteps of her lover. Yet another story told by Wyatt’s grandson, George Wyatt, tells of Wyatt entertaining Boleyn with his poetry while she performed some needle work. Wyatt had seen a hanging jewel around Boleyn’s neck and snatched it as a trophy. Later on when Wyatt was playing bowls with the King the two were arguing over a shot to which Wyatt took out the jewel he had swiped from Boleyn and used it to measure the shot. The King recognized the jewel and stormed off to question Anne Boleyn about it. Multiple works of Wyatt’s were indirectly attributed to Anne Boleyn including â€Å"What Wourde is that that Changeth not†, â€Å"The Lover Confesses Him in Love with Phyllis†, and â€Å"Whoso list to hunt†, which was developed off the story of Caesar’s deer who bore the collar of Caesar (Anne Boleyn Files, â€Å"Sir Thomas Wyatt the Elderâ₠¬ ). Wyatt compares Boleyn to Caesar’s deer with its â€Å"graven with diamonds in letters plain/there is written her fair neck round about:/Noli me tangere, for Caesar’s I am† (Wyatt, â€Å"Thomas Wyatt Poetry†) in which Caesar represent the King with his jewels being worn around the neck of Anne Boleyn. Thomas Cromwell, one of Wyatt’s dear friends, apprehended Wyatt in 1536 by order of the King. This first arrest is believed to have been in conjunction with Anne Boleyn. Cromwell assured Wyatt that he would watch out for him but that he would have to be imprisoned in the tower for the time being. Wyatt said that he was stainless and had no reason to fear. Thomas Wyatt watched from his window in the bell tower the executions of Weston, Bereton, Norris, Smeato, and George Boleyn. These sights from the tower led to one of Wyatt’s most famous poems, â€Å"Innocentia Veritas† (Anne Boleyn Files, â€Å"Sir Thomas Wyatt the Elder†). These sights, as described in Innocentia Veritas, were said that â€Å"The Bell Tower showed me [Wyatt] such sights that in my head stick day and night†. Thomas Wyatt was promptly released from the tower as he had already regained the favor of King Henry VIII (Academy of American Poets, â€Å"Thomas Wyatt). In conclusion, following Thomas Wyatt’s rather eventful childhood with his ‘taming’ of the lion, he attended the humanism esteemed St. John’s College in Cambridge, went on to lead a diplomatic career much like his father, and married having one son. Through Wyatt’s father, Petrarch, Plato, Chaucer, Cromwell, Anne Boleyn, and the multiple arrests of Thomas Wyatt, his woks developed into some of the first reputable English poetry written and showcased his relationships with others including Anne Boleyn and his arrests and visits to the bell tower which showed him inspiration for one of his most dramatic poems.

Operating System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Operating System - Essay Example (e.g. for a system call). This mechanism is used to prevent programming mistakes with system resources. It also shares common system resources in an appropriate manner under OS control. It prevents accessibility to protected memory segments. It also identifies instructions that can cause error conditions and inconsistent system state. Memory location of interrupt handler that signifies interrupts and also will save them in a queue if multiple interrupts are in processing, is called interrupt vector. The interrupt vector is a matrix of pointers to specific interrupt-handling routines. A hardware part that is called the device controller along with any device makes up the computer system. The device controllers basically acts as an interface between the device and the OS of that computer. Device controllers is also responsible of transferring data from other devices that controls it and the local buffers. To store and execute necessary commands in device controller, registers and buffers are integrated in the device controller. To provide interface between a device controller and OS, there is a device driver in OS that presents a steady interface into the device. First the device driver is introduced in to the OS to which the device is to be connected and then User and the system can exchange data with help of device through the device itself. In multiprocessor, two copies of the same data may reside in the local cache of each CPU. If one of the CPU changes the data, the Caches of the other cache coherency includes. Storing the data in multiple caches signifies one of the best ways of storing data. In this kind of shared memory, there is different cache memory for each of the processors. It is possible that many copies of one direction operand would exist on multiple caches that would exist on different processors. If one copy is changed, all the copies that are present on the other

Spreading Inovation Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Spreading Inovation - Article Example The program trains professionals who serve low-income children, mostly in health centers. In the program, health providers are taught how to integrate oral health risk assessment and fluoride varnish applications into services that are usually offered to young children (DHHS, 2012). There are particular main problems that affect the oral health of children. These problems include tooth decay, sucking of the thumb, tongue thrusting, and lip sucking. Although baby teeth will later be replaced with permanent teeth, keeping the teeth of children healthy is critical to their health and well-being (Kramer et al., 2013). The mouth has many bacteria, although most of them are harmless. Good oral health care can help to keep the bacteria at bay. Nonetheless, without appropriate oral hygiene, these bacteria can cause oral infections such as gum disease and tooth decay. Many children, especially in low-income families face the problem of tooth decay, and it is important that they get help in order to overcome these issues (Salem et al., 2012). The Colorado community-based health program is aimed at ensuring that the health care professionals are well-equipped to ensure that children’s oral health is maintained. As the manager of Colorado Health Center, I find â€Å"Cavity Free at Three" program to be a very noble idea. The first step in the introduction of the program to the organization is to offer training for all health professionals that work in the organization. Proper training will ensure that every employee understands the idea behind the innovation in order to implement it. The training will involve explaining to the staff the importance of the program and what the organization aims to achieve. The organization will collaborate with the community and other health organizations in its implementation. In order to maintain the program for a long time, the organization will ensure that it sets aside enough funds to be

Road to IELTS General Training Essay Example for Free

Road to IELTS General Training Essay A guide for effective letter writing; an article giving advice for Job interviews Writing (1): Writing (2): Practice exercises for letters giving advice Practice exercises for compositions discussing arguments for and against Speaking: Video clips and practice exercises for talking about a topic in Part 2 of the Speaking Unit 3: Travel, tourism transport Words: Phrases to talk about traffic-related problems and solutions; words and about a tribe of Native Americans Page | 1 www. ClarityEnglish. com Clarity Language Consultants Ltd, 2009 Reading: A brochure about the quickest way to get from Heathrow Airport to central London; an article about backpacking Writing (1): Practice exercises for letters asking for information Writing (2): Practice exercises for compositions giving an opinion Speaking: Video clips and practice exercises for taking part in a discussion in Part 3 of the Speaking Test Unit 4: Environment Words: Words and phrases to talk about environmental problems and geographical features Listening: A conversation about adopting a zoo animal; a lecture about the structure of the Earth Reading: An article about making plastic; an article about a danger to a variety of birds Writing (1): Writing (2): Practice exercises for writing letters of complaint Practice exercises for compositions discussing the causes of a problem and suggesting solutions Speaking: Video clips and practice exercises for answering general questions about yourself in Part 1 of the Speaking Test Unit 5: Art culture Words: Words and phrases to talk about art, cinema, theatre and national treasures Listening: A telephone conversation about booking theatre tickets; a lecture on the history of British cinema Reading: A catalogue from a book store; an article discussing tourist information for Bath, in southwest England Writing (1): Writing (2): Practice exercises for letters giving information Pr actice exercises for compositions exercises for talking about a topic in Part 2 of the Speaking Test Page | 2 www. ClarityEnglish. com Clarity Language Consultants Ltd, 2009 Unit 6: Mass Media Words: Words and phrases to talk about television, newspapers and Jobs in the media Listening: A talk given by a guide to visitors to a media museum; a conversation about news consumption Reading: A brochure about SummerSkill Sydney; an article about the press Writing (1): Practice exercises for writing letters saying thank you Writing (2): Practice exercises for compositions discussing arguments for and against Speaking: Video clips and practice exercises for taking part in a discussion in Part 3 of the Speaking Test Words: Words and phrases to talk about medical conditions and symptoms; food- elated vocabulary; words to talk about the causes, prevention and treatment of infectious diseases Listening: A talk about keeping healthy in winter; a conversation about insects and human diseases Reading: An article about keeping your teeth healthy; an article about food and health myths Writing (1): Writing (2): Practice exercises for letters of apology Practice exercises for compositions g iving an opinion Speaking: Video clips and practice exercises for answering general questions about yourself in Part 3 of the Speaking Test Unit 8: Work business Words: Verbs we use at work and words and phrases to talk about a variety of work- related issues Listening: A talk about writing a CY, a conversation about changes in womens employment Reading: A brochure about working at a funfair; an article about the first ball Page | 3 www. ClarityEnglish. com Clarity Language Consultants Ltd, 2009 Writing (1): Writing (2): Practice exercises for letters of application Practice exercises for compositions discussing the causes of a problem and suggesting solutions Speaking: Video clips and practice exercises for talking about a topic in Part 2 of the Speaking Test Unit 9: Society ; social issues Words: Words and phrases to talk about social issues and crime and punishment Listening: A telephone conversation between a student and a campus security officer about a burglary; a lecture about old age and society Reading: An article about Neighbourhood Watch schemes; an article about changes in life expectancy Writing (1): Writing (2): Speaking: Revision exercises for Writing Task 1 Revision exercises

Internship Reflection :: Reflection

An internship is a formal program to provide practical experience for beginners in an occupation or profession. By this point in my internship I am more than half way through it and taking on more and more responsibilities and positions as I go along. After a minor break from researching, I researched for three more hours on the Victorian memorabilia project. I found out companies who made postcards and when the Sanborn map company emerged. Once I was done I wanted to prepare more for physical archiving, so I trained two more hours with the Past Perfect disk. Tomorrow started my first experience with archiving. On my first day of archiving I worked with Barbara and Sandy. We filled out data entry sheets and I finished two books within two hours because we were all learning. Each book must have two sheets filled out on it, one being a data entry form and the second being a condition report on the book. These data entry sheets were made to correlate with the Past Perfect archiving program. Once done with the data entry sheets we would copy the number we assigned the book on to the card inside the book and then file the books back on to the shelves in numerical order. So through the Past Perfect training disk and all of us working on the book sheets we became experts at data entry. Second day of archiving I worked with Barbara and Ardienne. We got a total of twenty-five books done, which I finished thirteen of those books. I trained Ardienne how to fill in the data archiving book sheets and I checked to make sure she filled them out correctly. The books we archived will be reference b ooks, which will later be used in a library the Milford Historical Society is planning to have. Some of the books were directly related to Milford, while others were archaeology books. On the third day of archiving with Susan we archived eleven books in total. I taught Susan how to fill out the archiving book sheets. We came across some books we think were accessioned or archived before, which meant they were catalogued already. Thus, we left them on the table in a pile so on the desk till we could solve figure out where they would be shelved.

A Brief Analysis Of the Counterculture Movement of the 1960s Essay

A.Definitions of the CountercultureIn its most common and initial sense, the counterculture refers to the culture, especially of young people, with values or lifestyles in opposition to those of the established culture in the dictionary. Until its appearance in 1969 in Theodore Roszak’s influential book, The Making of a Counter Culture, â€Å"counterculture†, written as one word or two, has become the standard term to describe the cultural revolt of the young. Although distinct countercultural undercurrents exist in all societies, here the term counterculture refers to a more significant, visible phenomenon that reaches critical mass and persists for a period of time. According to Roszak’s definition, the counterculture movement refers to all the protest movements that happened in America in the 1960s, including both the political movements such as the women’s liberation movement, the African-American Civil Rights Movement, the antiwar movement against Vie tnam, the environment movement, the gay rights movement, and the cultural â€Å"movements† as drug abuse, hippies, free sex, and rock and roll. Several explicit and dozens of implicit definitions of counterculture have been offered since the term was proposed more than three decades ago. One explicit definition that Westhue gave from the ideological and behavioral perspectives is â€Å"On the ideological level, a counterculture is a set of beliefs and values which radically reject the dominant culture of a society and prescribe a sectarian alternative. On the behavioral level, a counterculture is a group of people who, because they accept such beliefs and values, behave in such radically nonconformist ways that they tend to drop out of the society. â€Å"Another definition that Timothy Miller gave in his The Hippies and American Values defined the counterculture as â€Å"a romantic social movement of the late 1960s and very early 1970s, mainly composed of teenagers and persons in their early twenties, who through their flamboyant lifestyle expressed their alienation from mainstream American life.† From this definiti on we can draw a conclusion that the main force of the counterculture movement is young people from middle class families. B.Social Background in the 1960sThe 1960s was a transitional period of great social change. Economically, like the 1920s and 1990s, the decade of the 1960s was a period of remarkable prosperity in the U.S. as measured by such  statistics as GNP and the unemployment rate. But culturally, it was a period when long-held values and norms of behavior seemed to break down, particularly among the young. The far-reaching changes that developed in the late 1960s affected many aspects of society. Many college-age men and women became the major force of the civil rights movements. Other young people simply separated themselves from mainstream culture through their appearance and lifestyle and joined the group of hippies. Attitudes toward sexuality appeared to loosen, and women began to openly protest the traditional roles of housewife and mother that society had assigned to them. With the nation shocked and paralyzed by the Vietnam War, thousands of American youth showed their concern through campus rallies, antiwar demonstrations, and concerts for peace. Many of the nation’s youth were strongly opposed to the war taking place halfway across the world, in which their fathers, brothers, and husbands were dying. United in their antiwar sentiment, thousands of young people joined in their creation of the â€Å"counterculture.† The 1960s was a decade of counterculture, with its music, its poetry, its fashion, its art, its way of life, its political struggle, and its contradictions, its rise and its failure. Then the questions are raised: what caused the so-called â€Å"counterculture movement†? And why did the movement happen in this specific time period?aThe Beat Generation—–Cultural RootsThe counterculture’s deepest roots lay in the â€Å"Beat Generation†, a group of American writers who came to prominence in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Jack Kerouac’s On the Road (1957), Allen Ginsberg’s Howl (1956), and William S. Burroughs’s Naked Lunch (1959) are often considered the most important works of the Beat Generation. The term â€Å"Beat† was reported to be coined by Jack Kerouac in the late 1940s, quickly becoming a slang term in America after World War II, meaning â€Å"exhausted† or â€Å"beat down† and provided this generation with a definitive label for their personal and social positions and perspectives. They are influenced by Eastern philosophy and religion (e.g., Zen Buddhism) and known especially for their use of non-traditional forms and their rejection of conventional social values. The Beat Generation phenomenon itself has had a huge influence on Western Culture more broadly. In many ways, The Beat Generation can be seen as the first modern â€Å"subculture†. During the very conformist post-World War II era  they were one of the forces engaged in a questioning of traditional values which produced a break with the mainstream culture that to this day people react to or against. There’s no question that Beats produced a great deal of interest in lifestyle experimentation (notably in regards to sex and drugs); and they had a large intellectual effect in encouraging the questioning of authority (a force behind the anti-war movement); and many of them were very active in popularizing interest in Zen Buddhism in the West. During the 1960s other cultural movements absorbed â€Å"Beat† ideas and attitudes, and those who practiced something similar to the â€Å"Beat† lifestyle were called â€Å"hippies†. Echoes of the Beat Generation run throughout all the forms of counterculture that have existed since then. Some time during the 1960s, the rapidly expanding â€Å"Beat† culture underwent a transformation: the â€Å"Beat Generation† gave way to â€Å"The Counterculture of the 1960s†, which inherited a great deal of â€Å"Beat† thoughts and life styles. bThe Affluent Society—-Economic RootsTo analysis the phenomenon of the countercultural movement of the 1960s, the major force of the movement — the baby boom generation — has to be mentioned here. After World War II, Young males returning to the United States following tours of duty overseas during World War II established families, which brought about a significant number of new children into the world. This dramatic increase in the number of births from 1946 to 1964 is called the baby boom. In the United States, approximately 79 million babies were born during the baby boom. Till the year 1964, babies who were born during the first waves of the baby boom was already 18. And in the following 6 years, during the counterculture movement in the 1960s, baby boomers who were studying in high school or college became the major force of the counterculture movement. The baby boom generation grew up in an affluent society and enjoyed an unprecedented economic and social welfare. During the 1950s, America’s Gross National Product (GNP) increased 51%, the real weekly earnings of factory workers increased 50%. By 1960, more than 30% of the population was middle class. Changes in education and housing further demonstrated the growth of the middle class. For the first time, the white young people were able to get to the universities without having to start their working life at the  age their parents had to. The education they received broadened their horizons and made it easier for them to accept the social, technological and cultural transformations. They had cars; many of them lived in the suburbs, and were enjoying an easy life. Those people were going to be the stars of the years to come, with new ideals and hopes, and, one of the most important things, new cultural values, expressions and thoughts. Besides, the baby boomers were the first group to be raised on television, they watched scenes from the Vietnam War, and the assassinations of John F. Kennedy, Martin Luther King, Jr., and Robert F. Kennedy which strongly affected their sense of security. The boomers found that their music was another expression of their generational identity. Rock and roll drove their parents crazy. Transistor radios were personal devices that allowed teenagers to listen to â€Å"The Beatles† and â€Å"The Motown Sound†. Baby boomers constitute the single largest population explosion in history, and the culture they created transformed America, permeating every decade since the 1950s. cThe Turmoil in the 1960s—-Political RootsThe 1960s was a decade of political turmoil: the Cuban Missile Crisis, the Cold War, the assassinations of John F. Kennedy, Martin Luther King, Jr., and Robert F. Kennedy and the Vietnam War all greatly influenced young people who were born during the baby boom period. The Vietnam War was the longest military conflict in U.S. history fought in Vietnam from 1959 to 1975, involving the North Vietnamese and the National Liberation Front (NLF) in conflict with United States forces and the South Vietnamese army. The hostilities in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia claimed the lives of more than 58,000 Americans. Another 304,000 were wounded. The Vietnam War was the longest and most unpopular war in which Americans ever fought. And there is no reckoning the cost. For many of the more than two million American veterans of the war, the wounds of Vietnam will never heal. Baby boomers played major roles both as troops and protesters during the Vietnam War. The war dragged the whole generation into miserable memories: either young people themselves or their relatives, friends were fighting in the frontline, many of them dead or wounded. They were scared, distressed but couldn’t find better ways to let off their rage except doing drugs or  indulging themselves. The Vietnam War became a high-profiled criticism and a platform to promoting peace and criticizing the draft. As a result, the antiwar movement against Vietnam broke out in the year 1965, centering on the colleges, with the students playing leading roles. C.Major Events in the Counterculture MovementThe counterculture movement consists of a series of events mainly took place in the later half of the 1960s and it is difficult to trace back to the exact beginning of it. The counterculture stood against the traditional values of middle-class society, and manifested its rebellion in several ways: long hair, brightly colored clothes, communal living, rock and roll music as showcased at Woodstock, free sex, drugs, and riots are some of the means through which the counterculture asserted itself. Through protests and anti-war demonstrations, the counterculture challenged the governmental institutions of American society and the youth spoke out for what they believed in. Throughout the decade many counterculture events increased the movement’s notoriety, but two in particular, the Summer of Love and Woodstock Festival, represented the spirit of the protests. a.Summer of LoveThe Summer of Love refers to the summer of 1967, particularly in the Haight-Ashbury district of San Francisco, where thousands of young people loosely and freely united for a new social experience. As a result, the hippie counterculture movement came into public awareness. The beginning of the Summer of Love has popularly been attributed to the â€Å"Human Be-In† at Golden Gate Park on January 14, 1967. Thousands of people answered the call of the â€Å"Human Be-In† from the counterculture leaders, gathering in Golden Gate Park to promote peace, happiness, and love. During the spring, more disillusioned youth traveled to San Francisco upon hearing a declaration that the summer of 1967 would be the â€Å"Summer of Love.† The Haight-Ashbury neighborhood of San Francisco quickly became the gathering place and home for many displaced youth who came to celebrate the counterculture event. City government leaders, determined to stop the influx of young people once schools let out for summer, brought added attention to the scene. An ongoing series of articles in local papers alerted national  media to the hippies’ growing momentum. During that summer of 1967, as many as 100,000 young people from around the world flocked to San Francisco’s Haight-Ashbury district, Berkeley and other San Francisco Bay Area cities to join in a popularized version of the hippie experience. The Summer of Love attracted a wide range of people of various ages: teenagers and college students drawn by their peers and partying military personnel from bases within an easy drive’s distance. For the most part, the Summer of Love proved successful in its ability to spread the counterculture message, but by the fall of 1967, overcrowding, homelessness, hunger, increased incidents of crime and drug abuse signaled a change in the movement. On October 7, 1967, those remaining in the Haight staged a mock funeral, â€Å"The Death of the Hippie† ceremony, to signal the end of the played-out scene. It is already 40 years since the party was over in the Haight-Ashbury. But the influence of that summer in 1967 has never disappeared. The San Francisco hippie, dancing in Golden Gate Park with long hair flowing, has become as much of an enduring American archetype as the gunfighters and cowboys who roamed the Wild West. b.The Woodstock FestivalAs the most famous of all the counterculture concerts, the Woodstock Music and Art Fair took place in Bethel in upstate New York from 15 to 17 August 1969. The festival was called â€Å"Woodstock†, because it was supposed to be in the town of Woodstock, in Ulster County; but the town would not give a place for such a large event, because they thought that over a million people would come. Although the show was planned for as many as 200,000 fans, over 500,000 came; most of these did not pay to get in. The roads to the concert were jammed with traffic. People left their cars and walked for miles to get to the concert area. The weekend was rainy and overcrowded, and fans shared food, alcoholic drinks, and drugs. The Woodstock Festival is remembered as the high point of the â€Å"peace and love† ethos of the period, largely because the disaster that the over-crowding, bad weather, food shortages, supposed â€Å"bad acid† (LSD), and  poor facilities presaged was somehow avoided. Unprepared for such a large crowd, massive traffic jams ensued, food and water quickly disappeared, and bathroom facilities were scarce. Despite the potential for violence and disaster, the festival advertised as â€Å"Three Days of Peace and Music† lived up to its billing. Listening to popular musicians of the day such as Jimi Hendrix, Joan Baez, and Janis Joplin, concertgoers seemed to bond because of the harsh conditions and a common desire to promote peace and love. Throughout the 1960s, music served as an integral part of the counterculture movement. Seen as a way to both embrace an alternative lifestyle and protest against war and oppression, hippies organized many outdoor music festivals across the United States. As the most famous music festivals organized by hippies, all in all, Woodstock remains a lasting icon of the countercultural movements of the 1960s that looked to change the world through its acceptance of values and beliefs that contradicted the established power structure of the United States. The festival, the participants of which exhibited extraordinary good feeling in the face of rain and organizational chaos, marked the high point of U.S. youth counterculture in the 1960s. D.InfluencesThe counterculture eventually died out in the 1970s for several different reasons like the deaths of notable leading figures and the end of the Civil Rights Movement and Vietnam War. Since then, large social groups such as the hippies have diminished, or are virtually non-existent. To some Americans, the attributes of the counterculture reflected American ideals of free speech, equality, and pursuit of happiness; whereas other people saw the counterculture as self-indulgent, pointlessly rebellious, unpatriotic, and destructive of America’s moral order, and some have criticized the counterculture movement for being too aggressive and showing some similarities to the establishment itself. As a matter of fact, the counterculture remains a highly controversial topic in American society; and the only thing that can be agreed upon is its enormous impact on American society in almost every aspect: in fashion, the commonly wore neckties and suits in the 1950s had been replaced by everyday wear, and generally longer hairstyles became new fashion not only for young people but for the middle aged; in music, the blending of folk rock into newer forms including acid  rock and heavy metal became popular; in sense of value, interracial dating and marriage have become common and generally accepted, frankness regarding sexual matters has become the norm, the rights of homosexual, bisexual and transexual people have expanded; in religious aspects, eastern religions and spiritual concepts, karma and reincarnation in particular, have reached a wider audience; in lifestyles, co-operative business enterprises and creative community living arrangements are widely accepted. Interest in n atural food, herbal remedies and vitamins is widespread. The greatest legacy of the counterculture, both to culture and to the succeeding countercultures rests in a greater and deeper concern over human needs and human nature as an essential step in emancipating human creativity. Although almost 40 years has passed, there are still indications of the influence of the counterculture movement within contemporary technologies. The ideas of the counterculture movement such as sharing, community, self-expression, anti-establishment, and individual freedom can be seen through many of the technologies we have today. As one of the most heatedly disputed issues in cultural studies and sociological arena, the counterculture movement influences different generations in both lifestyles and ideology and should be remembered by all of us. References: Bradbury, Malcolm and Temperley, Howard. Introduction to American Studies. New York: Longman House, 1981. Miller, Timothy: The Hippies and American Values. Knoxville: The University of Tennessee Press, 1991. Roszak, Theodore: The Making of a Counterculture. Garden City, New York: Doubleday, 1969. Westhues, Kenneth: Society’s Shadow: Studies in the Sociology of Countercultures. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 1972. . â€Å"†. Jan. 2004: 68-97.

History of dance Essay

How could you leave your country? The place you grew up in, how could you leave your loved ones in a place so bad you had to flee it yourself? The production of ‘Look the other way’ choreographed by Cadi McCarthy is clearly emotionally attached to the performers. Look the other way describes how people had to leave their home and become refugees, their fear and hatred needing the encouragement to move forward. The mixture of contemporary and hip hop really drives you into the performance and makes dancers, public and even you feel like a part of the attraction. The choreographer clearly displays the variety of talent and emotive skills that all of the dancers consist of. The different interrogations of each dancer themselves are astonishing, having a wide range from the strength and intensity movements by Peter Fares to the smooth, soft and meaningful movements danced by Yillin Kong. The artistic use of props and lighting gives the texture of the movements on the performers and their facial expressions gave an overwhelming feeling inside; it’s a wakeup call to seeing how lucky we are as a country. This was a very effective way to get the audience’s attention. Having to look the other way when all you feel is hopelessness is a very difficult thing to do. The characters make you feel as if they are portraying their country, getting away from the outrageousness and the terror. Sharing their side of the horrific stories. All distributing the same emotions betrayal and being forced to look the other way. The choreographer immersed herself into the stories of the young people who had overcome the sacrifice of fleeing their country to have freedom in Australia. Cadi McCarthy clearly and successfully got her intent to the target audience (young students) expressing the dreadful descriptions by educating us through contemporary and hip hop dance. There are seven characters (not including the two boys who are still learning English) in the performance, each with different difficulties and reports to share with the world. They all show tolerance and ignorance to not give up and not give in. The movements and space used in this choreography by Cadi McCarthy entitles the effects and emotions she wants the audience to feel. Each performer had their own special techniques which was used to their advantage. Movements such as slowly walking, shaking, and closed shapes, sharp turns, counter balancing and falling, these are indications of being pushed around. The fast, muscular movements were intimidating and in each other’s personal space. The most significant peace was the Riot (Fight scene) which was done in a group, but danced in duets. Showing the mob mentality, strength and power, giving the truthful facts that no matter how many times you’re pushed down, you shall thrive to get back up again, keep moving forward. The costumes seemed rushed and not restricted which gave them freedom to move the clothing looking very unfavourable. Using very natural colours such as black, skin colour, white, and a flowered dress worn by Yillin showing the audience that they were in a rush, all they had was the clothing on their backs. The lighting effects by Andrew Portwine was dim and organic to set the mood, the angles of the light reflected off the dancers faces to give texture, dark gloomy looks. The overall costumes and lighting was more than successful and gave the illusion to hardship for the audience. Tristen Parr and Matt Cornell did exceptional work on the soundtrack. The music had been made from scratch so it was an original peace. In the performance the music was recorded and instrumental throughout. You could feel the classical vibrations as if atmospherical, representing the extreme adversity and struggles (Production2; Sacrifice, where videos are used to tell us about true stories). There were sections of the performance where the sound was live, like the word monologues where each dancer talks about accountings explaining what it was like to be a refugee (Peter Fares holding Yillin Kong on his shoulder while telling the story of his parents from Israel, Lebanon, and Syria to Australia). The most memorable and major feature of the props used was the ‘Opening boards’ (Designed by Laura Boynes and Tristan Parr) where the characters drag themselves across the stage and stand up onto a rocking board, representing the uncertainty to travel, external and internal fear of leaving their loved ones, the experience’s to come. Using the boards as a boat and steps revealing their long journey to find freedom, using the rocking motion traveling the entire emotional ride with the characters. The boards drew the audience’s attention straight away to the restlessness and fear. The backdrop of four walls that were recycled substances designed by Monique Wajon (makeshift of materials found in refugee camps). These props communicated to the audience giving meaning and belief to the dance. The Buzz Dance Theatre has accomplished in reproducing all viewpoints of refugees, immigrants and asylum seekers. Every possible aspect of contemporary and hip hop dance was put into this performance to accomplish the priorities and achievements of triumphing to the top. Each dancer attributes to the story in individual ways choreographed by Cadi McCarthy. I personally found that every phase used for this special performance including characters, music, costumes, choreography, set and props all worked exceptionally well together to produce a stimulating and significant enactment. Although a little dark I was defiantly motivated at the end of the performance.

Are You Polarizing

Are You Polarizing This is one of my most important messages.   One of the many reasons I left my day job was stress. Many of you have done the same or are in the process of finding ways to leave the lifestyle that makes your world less palatable. I worked for the federal government, and my job entailed balancing the wishes of my politician boss, the needs of the public, and the competition of my peers. Add family to the mix, and it made for some sleepless nights and tight-chested days. I left that life to write, and it was one of the best decisions of my existence. Then I read an article in the latest Psychology Today (love that magazine) about how polarization saddens us and, if we do not control it, can make our lives toxic. But humans like to congregate. They evolved from packs. And we interact accordingly. So when the world looks safe, mammals happily fan out to find resources to meet their needs. When threats are perceived, mammals retreat to the safety of social alliances.   The problem these days is that we belong to multiple groups. We are writers. Thats one group. Many of us relate to one political party or the other. We often claim a religion or relate to our gender or sexual orientation. We are foodies, animal rights advocates, and home-schooling parents. All of us belong to several groups, but not all groups believe in each other a hundred percent. We have allies and contrarians even within the groups we align with. When my life gets too hectic, I feel it in my chest. I toss and turn and have nightmares, some nights am grateful for three hours of rest. I try to avoid items and people that cause me stress. Its not a weakness. I deem it a strength to be in control of my life. I fight for that  lifestyle, and anyone who has visited me can feel it in all Ive created. But there are some who choose to be more aggressive in one or two aspects of their lives. That does not mean they are right or wrongor that you are right or wrongor that I am all right or wrong. Choosing to be aggressive not to be confused with passionate about an issue or group, and infusing it into your writing world, will cause others to choose sides . . . and possibly avoid you. They retreat into the group they feel most comfortable with. As an author, you choose whether you want your lifes choices to walk alongside your writing, because to do so is choosing to alienate groups (or packs) of readers who feel differently. And not everyone is going to agree with the non-writer side of you. Sure, its noble to have causes. Others, however, may feel just as noble in their causes. Why do you have to clash if your unity is, say, mystery fiction? Why do we only have to relate to those who match us group for group? Ive supported one particular author for several years. Love her writing style. Back during the election, I got bombarded Months later, she won an award for her novel. She messaged me, and I rejoiced with her! Wonderful, I said. You deserve it. But why did you unfriend me on Facebook? And we held a very civil discourse about politics. I rather enjoyed it. We were on opposite ends of the spectrum, but nobody got angry. We agreed that we would not be Facebook friends because shes chosen these days to lead with politics over her writing, and I didnt want it spilling into my world. We agreed to disagree. Quite amicably. And we still support each others books. Not everyone will agree with you. And please, do not demand people agree with you. Let life run through you, not stop at your outstretched, palm up hand. You dont have to agree. You might better understand

Fashion Magazines as Influence of Female Body Image Assignment

Fashion Magazines as Influence of Female Body Image - Assignment Example Magazines such as Cosmopolitan use language which asserts that women are socially substandard and not acceptable without sustaining the good looks of other women utilized in the magazine’s imagery. Over time, after being exposed to these messages and innuendos, women believe in this propaganda (Lemberg, 1999). When fashion magazines use images of unattainable physical perfection, it is said that this imagery diminishes feminist ideologies and begins asserting to women that maintaining a similar physical exterior is the fundamental objective of being a woman (Cash, Gitter, Kogel and Zaphirpoulos, 1997). Hence, women begin to develop ideologies related to vanity and seeking a magazine-asserted perspective of body perfection in order to be considered socially-viable which supersedes feminist beliefs. Furthermore, Suls, Martin, and Wheeler (2002) suggest that most women in society look toward social reference group figures when assessing their identities. This well-respected psychological theory suggests that women’s sense of identity is constructed by conducting social comparisons with aspirational figures in society that have built a positive social reputation, achieved fashion sense, or have achieved the body image portrayed in fashion magazines. Magazines seem to understand this phenomenon, which is why these publications use celebrity imagery because of their aspirational traits. Therefore, women look toward these social figures as a means of making status comparisons to themselves and the celebrity. When women see that they have more curves or fatness as compared to these slender and popular famous persons, they begin to develop a negative body image and reduced self-esteem. A study was conducted in which researchers used MRI technology to reveal changes in the brain as a result of exposure to fashion imagery.

Target and Pinterest Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Target and Pinterest - Assignment Example It is a good marketing tool that essentially increases a business’s customers and sales. Target is going to use 3 key influencers of Pinterest to market their products. Limited edition collections of party items will be sold in stores and online. The selected Pinterest stars are top fashion bloggers and influential people in design. Blogger Joy Cho of Oh Joy who has 13.6 million bloggers began his partnership with Target on March by starting her party collection while Jan Halvarson of Poppytalk who has 8.3 million followers will launch her Target collections in June (Entis 2014). Kate Arends of Wit and Delight will do the same in September. My impression with this move by target to collaborate with top Pinterest bloggers is that it is a good marketing strategy for the company. Social media has become an essential platform for businesses to attract customers across the world. With the increasing number of social media users, businesses are able to meet a lot of potential customers online. Therefore, using Pinterest to generate sales is a good strategy for Target. Pinterest’s move to use influential people will work in generating revenue because influential people have the most following on social media; hence the company is able to access many potential customers (Weissman 2014). The followers of blogger Cho alone are 13.6 million. Therefore, during her time as a seller for Target, she generates a lot of sales from the millions of customers from her followers. The same case is similar from the other collaborators. Another aspect that makes the collaboration of Target and Pinterest’s influential bloggers is the popularity of Pinterest as a destination for entertaining inspiration (Entis 2014). Therefore, by collaborating with top tastemakers in fashion, Target will attract more customers for its party collections. The brand image of Target is good because the business is collaborating with